QuestionSets/geotime.html at master · MatzElectronics/QuestionSets · GitHub

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    <!--<div class="time-label" style="left:80000px">Something the size of Mars<br>hits the Earth.<br>The debris that flies off from<br>the collision becomes the Moon.</div>-->

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            If each pixel was 1000 years
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        <div class="era mesozoic"></div>
        <div class="era paleozoic"></div>
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    <div id="time-display"><span id="time-years"></span> million years ago</div>
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        let eventData = [
            [
                1400,
                "Formation of Earth, Early Bombardment Phase begins."
            ],
            [
                63000,
                "Formation of Moon, probably from giant impact."
            ],
            [
                67000,
                "End of the Early Bombardment Phase. Oldest known mineral: Zircon.[38] Asteroids and comets bring water to Earth.[39]"
            ],
            [
                320000,
                "Possible first appearance of plate tectonics. This unit gets its name from the lunar geologic timescale when the Nectaris Basin and other greater lunar basins form by big impact events. Earliest evidence for life based on unusually high amounts of light isotopes of carbon, a common sign of life."
            ],
            [
                470000,
                "Indirect photosynthetic evidence (e.g., kerogen) of primordial life. This era overlaps the beginning of the Late Heavy Bombardment of the Inner Solar System, produced possibly by the planetary migration of Neptune into the Kuiper belt as a result of orbital resonances between Jupiter and Saturn. Oldest known rock.[36]"
            ],
            [
                600000,
                "Simple single-celled life (probably bacteria and archaea). Oldest probable microfossils. The first life forms and self-replicating RNA molecules evolve, after the Late Heavy Bombardment ends on Earth. Napier mountain formation in Antarctica."
            ],
            [
                1000000,
                "First known oxygen-producing bacteria. Oldest definitive microfossils. Oldest cratons on Earth (such as the Canadian Shield and the Pilbara Craton) may have formed during this period.[k] Rayner mountain formation in Antarctica."
            ],
            [
                1400000,
                "First stromatolites (probably colonial cyanobacteria). Oldest macrofossils. Humboldt mountain formation in Antarctica. Blake River Megacaldera Complex begins to form in present-day Ontario and Quebec."
            ],
            [
                1800000,
                "Stabilization of most modern cratons; possible mantle overturn event. Insell mountain formation. Abitibi greenstone belt in present-day Ontario and Quebec begins to form."
            ],
            [
                2100000,
                "Oxygen catastrophe: banded iron formations forms. Sleaford mountain formation on Australian continent, Gawler Craton."
            ],
            [
                2300000,
                "Bushveld Igneous Complex forms. Huronian glaciation."
            ],
            [
                2550000,
                "The atmosphere becomes oxygenic. Vredefort and Sudbury Basin asteroid impacts. Much mountain formation. Penokean and Trans-Hudsonian mountain formation in North America. Early Ruker mountain formation in Antarctica. Glenburgh mountain formation, Glenburgh Terrane, Australian continent. Kimban mountain formation, Gawler craton in Australian continent begins."
            ],
            [
                2800000,
                "First complex single-celled life: protists with nuclei, Francevillian biota. Columbia is the primordial supercontinent. Kimban mountain formation in Australian continent ends. Yapungku mountain formation on Yilgarn craton, in Western Australia. Mangaroon mountain formation, on the Gascoyne Complex in Western Australia. Kararan mountain formation, Gawler Craton, South Australia."
            ],
            [
                3000000,
                "Platform covers expand. Barramundi mountain formation, McArthur Basin, Northern Australia, and Isan mountain formation, Mount Isa Block, Queensland"
            ],
            [
                3200000,
                "Platform covers continue to expand. Green algae colonies in the seas. Grenville mountain formation in North America."
            ],
            [
                3400000,
                "Narrow highly metamorphic belts due to mountain formation as Rodinia forms. Sveconorwegian mountain formation starts. Late Ruker / Nimrod mountain formation in Antarctica possibly begins. Musgrave mountain formation, Musgrave Block, Central Australia."
            ],
            [
                3600000,
                "Rodinia supercontinent persists. Sveconorwegian mountain formation ends. Trace fossils of simple multi-celled eukaryotes. First radiation of dinoflagellate-like acritarchs. Grenville mountain formation tapers off in North America. Pan-African mountain formation in Africa. Lake Ruker / Nimrod mountain formation in Antarctica. Edmundian mountain formation, Gascoyne Complex, Western Australia. Deposition of Adelaide Superbasin and Centralian Superbasin begins on Australian continent."
            ],
            [
                3880000,
                "Possible \"Snowball Earth\" period. Fossils still rare. Rodinia landmass begins to break up. Late Ruker / Nimrod mountain formation in Antarctica tapers off."
            ],
            [
                3965000,
                "Good fossils of the first multi-celled animals. Ediacaran biota flourish worldwide in seas. Simple trace fossils of possible worm-like Trichophycus, etc. First sponges and trilobitomorphs. Enigmatic forms include many soft-jellied creatures shaped like bags, disks, or quilts (like Dickinsonia). Taconic mountain formation in North America. Aravalli Range mountain formation in Indian Subcontinent. Beginning of Petermann mountain formation on Australian continent. Beardmore mountain formation in Antarctica."
            ],
            [
                4110500,
                "Major diversification of life in the Cambrian Explosion. Numerous fossils; most modern animal phyla appear. First chordates appear, along with a number of extinct, problematic phyla. Reef-building Archaeocyatha abundant; then vanish. Trilobites, priapulid worms, sponges, inarticulate brachiopods (unhinged lampshells), and numerous other animals. Anomalocarids are giant predators, while many Ediacaran fauna die out. Prokaryotes, protists (e.g., forams), fungi and algae continue to present day. Gondwana emerges. Petermann mountain formation on the Australian continent tapers off. Ross mountain formation in Antarctica. Delamerian mountain formation and Lachlan mountain formation on Australian continent. Atmospheric CO<sup>2</sup> content roughly 15 times present-day (Holocene) levels (6000 ppmv compared to today's 400 ppmv)[32][f]"
            ],
            [
                4154800,
                "Invertebrates diversify into many new types (e.g., long straight-shelled cephalopods). Early corals, articulate brachiopods (Orthida, Strophomenida, etc.), bivalves, nautiloids, trilobites, ostracods, bryozoa, many types of echinoderms (crinoids, cystoids, starfish, etc.), branched graptolites, and other taxa all common. Conodonts (early planktonic vertebrates) appear. First green plants and fungi on land. Ice age at end of period."
            ],
            [
                4177000,
                "First vascular plants (the rhyniophytes and their relatives), first millipedes and arthropleurids on land. First jawed fishes, as well as many armoured jawless fish, populate the seas. Sea-scorpions reach large size. Tabulate and rugose corals, brachiopods (Pentamerida, Rhynchonellida, etc.), and crinoids all abundant. Trilobites and mollusks diverse; graptolites not as varied. Beginning of Caledonian mountain formation for hills in England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and the Scandinavian Mountains. Also continued into Devonian period as the Acadian mountain formation, above. Taconic mountain formation tapers off. Lachlan mountain formation on Australian continent tapers off."
            ],
            [
                4227800,
                "First clubmosses, horsetails and ferns appear, as do the first seed-bearing plants (progymnosperms), first trees (the progymnosperm Archaeopteris), and first (wingless) insects. Strophomenid and atrypid brachiopods, rugose and tabulate corals, and crinoids are all abundant in the oceans. Goniatite ammonoids are plentiful, while squid-like coleoids arise. Trilobites and armoured agnaths decline, while jawed fishes (placoderms, lobe-finned and ray-finned fish, and early sharks) rule the seas. First tetrapods still aquatic. \"Old Red Continent\" of Euramerica. Beginning of Acadian mountain formation for Anti-Atlas Mountains of North Africa, and Appalachian Mountains of North America, also the Antler, Variscan, and Tuhua mountain formation in New Zealand."
            ],
            [
                4269100,
                "Large primitive trees, first land vertebrates, and amphibious sea-scorpions live amid coal-forming coastal swamps. Lobe-finned rhizodonts are dominant big fresh-water predators. In the oceans, early sharks are common and quite diverse; echinoderms (especially crinoids and blastoids) abundant. Corals, bryozoa, goniatites and brachiopods (Productida, Spiriferida, etc.) very common, but trilobites and nautiloids decline. Glaciation in East Gondwana. Tuhua mountain formation in New Zealand tapers off."
            ],
            [
                4296300,
                "Winged insects radiate suddenly; some (esp. Protodonata and Palaeodictyoptera) are quite large. Amphibians common and diverse. First reptiles and coal forests (scale trees, ferns, club trees, giant horsetails, Cordaites, etc.). Highest-ever atmospheric oxygen levels. Goniatites, brachiopods, bryozoa, bivalves, and corals plentiful in the seas and oceans. Testate forams proliferate. Uralian mountain formation in Europe and Asia. Variscan mountain formation occurs towards middle and late Mississippian Periods."
            ],
            [
                4355053,
                "Landmasses unite into supercontinent Pangaea, creating the Appalachians. End of Permo-Carboniferous glaciation. Synapsids including (pelycosaurs and therapsids) become plentiful, while parareptiles and temnospondyl amphibians remain common. In the mid-Permian, coal-age flora are replaced by cone-bearing gymnosperms (the first true seed plants) and by the first true mosses. Beetles and flies evolve. Marine life flourishes in warm shallow reefs; productid and spiriferid brachiopods, bivalves, forams, and ammonoids all abundant. Permian-Triassic extinction event occurs: 95% of life on Earth becomes extinct, including all trilobites, graptolites, and blastoids. Ouachita and Innuitian mountain formation in North America. Ural mountain formation in Europe/Asia tapers off. Altaid mountain formation in Asia. Hunter-Bowen mountain formation on Australian continent begins, forming the MacDonnell Ranges."
            ],
            [
                4391500,
                "Archosaurs dominant on land as dinosaurs and in the air as pterosaurs. Ichthyosaurs and nothosaurs dominate large marine fauna. Cynodonts become smaller and more mammal-like, while first mammals and crocodilia appear. Dicroidiumflora common on land. Many large aquatic temnospondyl amphibians. Ceratitic ammonoids extremely common. Modern corals and teleost fish appear, as do many modern insect clades. Andean mountain formation in South America. Cimmerian mountain formation in Asia. Rangitata mountain formation begins in New Zealand. Hunter-Bowen mountain formation in Northern Australia, Queensland and New South Wales ends."
            ],
            [
                4447900,
                "Gymnosperms (especially conifers, Bennettitales and cycads) and ferns common. Many types of dinosaurs, such as sauropods, carnosaurs, and stegosaurs. Mammals common but small. First birds and lizards. Ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs diverse. Bivalves, Ammonites and belemnites abundant. Sea urchins very common, along with crinoids, starfish, sponges, and terebratulid and rhynchonellid brachiopods. Breakup of Pangaea into Gondwana and Laurasia. Nevadan mountain formation in North America. Rangitata and Cimmerian mountain formation tapers off. Atmospheric CO<sup>2</sup> levels 3–4 times the present day levels (1200–1500 ppmv, compared to today's 400 ppmv[32][f])."
            ],
            [
                4527900,
                "Flowering plants proliferate, along with new types of insects. More modern teleost fish begin to appear. Ammonoidea, belemnites, rudist bivalves, echinoids and sponges all common. Many new types of dinosaurs (e.g. Tyrannosaurs, Titanosaurs, Hadrosaurs, and Ceratopsids) evolve on land, as do Eusuchia (modern crocodilians); and mosasaurs and modern sharks appear in the sea. Birds toothed and toothless coexist with pterosaurs. Monotremes, marsupials and placental mammals appear. Break up of Gondwana. Beginning of Laramide and Sevier mountain formation in the Rocky Mountains. atmospheric CO<sup>2</sup> close to present-day levels."
            ],
            [
                4533615,
                "Chicxulub impact and the K-T extinction event. Climate tropical. Modern plants appear; Mammals diversify into a number of lineages following the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs. First large mammals (up to bear or small hippo size). Alpine mountain formation in Europe and Asia begins."
            ],
            [
                4544000,
                "Two transient events of global warming (PETM and ETM-2) and warming climate until the Eocene Climatic Optimum. The Azolla event decreased CO<sup>2</sup> levels from 3500 ppm to 650 ppm, setting the stage for a long period of cooling.[32][f] Indian Subcontinent collides with Asia and starts Himalayan mountain formation."
            ],
            [
                4562200,
                "Moderate, cooling climate. Archaic mammals (e.g. Creodonts, \"Condylarths\", Uintatheres, etc.) flourish and continue to develop during the epoch. Appearance of several \"modern\" mammal families. Primitive whales diversify. Reglaciation of Antarctica and formation of its ice cap; End of Laramide and Sevier mountain formation of the Rocky Mountains in North America. mountain formation of the Alps in Europe begins. Hellenic mountain formation begins in Greece and Aegean Sea."
            ],
            [
                4571900,
                "Grande Coupure extinction. Start of widespread Antarctic glaciation.[34] Rapid evolution and diversification of fauna, especially mammals. Major evolution and dispersal of modern types of flowering plants"
            ],
            [
                4579560,
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