Enable parallel backfill by eliminating shared state between providers (apache#63288)

Add --provider and --providers-json flags to extract_parameters.py and
extract_connections.py so each backfill run uses an isolated temp
providers.json and only scans the target provider. In --provider mode,
modules.json is not written (it would be incomplete), so concurrent
runs don't clobber each other.

The backfill command now creates a TemporaryDirectory with per-version
providers.json files instead of patching a shared file.

Author: kaxil

dev/breeze/doc/11_registry_tasks.rst

@@ -79,6 +79,17 @@ Example usage:
      # Backfill a hyphenated provider
      breeze registry backfill --provider microsoft-azure --version 11.0.0
 
+Each run uses an isolated temporary ``providers.json``, so different providers
+can be backfilled in parallel from separate terminal sessions:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+     # Terminal 1
+     breeze registry backfill --provider amazon --version 9.15.0 --version 9.14.0
+
+     # Terminal 2 (safe to run simultaneously)
+     breeze registry backfill --provider google --version 14.0.0 --version 13.0.0
+
 Output is written to ``registry/src/_data/versions/{provider}/{version}/``:
 
 - ``parameters.json`` — operator/sensor/hook parameters

dev/breeze/doc/images/output_registry.svg

@@ -1 +1 @@
-297843509448a55e7941eed3c0485df8
+8c9be6264d33af7facd1fbdf435697b7