TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE(fixtures::HNSWTestIndex,
    "Test DeserializeV2",
    "[ft][hnsw][bq_tune]") {
  auto origin_size = vsag::Options::Instance().block_size_limit();
  auto size = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
  vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(size);
  int dim = 128;
  int max_degree = 32;  // hgraph uses 2x, so 16*2
  int ef_search = 200;
  int ef_construction = 100;
  int base_id = 30000;
  std::mt19937 rng;
  rng.seed(47);
  std::uniform_real_distribution<> distrib_real;

  const char* hgraph_params = "{\"dim\":128,\"dtype\":\"float32\",\"metric_type\":\"l2\","
      "\"use_old_serial_format\":true,\"index_param\":{\"ef_construction\":100,\"max_degree\":32,"
      "\"store_raw_vector\":true,\"base_quantization_type\":\"fp32\",\"build_thread_count\":0}}";
  const char* bq_tune_params = "{\"dim\":128,\"dtype\":\"float32\",\"metric_type\":\"l2\","
      "\"use_old_serial_format\":true,\"index_param\":{\"ef_construction\":100,\"max_degree\":32,"
      "\"base_quantization_type\":\"fp32\",\"build_thread_count\":0,\"use_reorder\":true,\"ignore_reorder\":true,"
      "\"precise_quantization_type\":\"fp32\",\"precise_io_type\":\"block_memory_io\"}}";
  const char* search_params = "{\"hgraph\":{\"ef_search\":200,\"skip_ratio\":0.7,\"use_extra_info_filter\":false}}";

  // 1. Create and build two HGRAPH indices via vsag::Factory
  auto base_idx = vsag::Factory::CreateIndex("hgraph", hgraph_params);
  REQUIRE(base_idx.has_value());
  int base_num = 200;
  auto base_ids = new int64_t[base_num];
  auto base_vectors = new float[dim * base_num];
  for (int64_t i = 0; i < base_num; ++i) base_ids[i] = base_id + i;
  for (int64_t i = 0; i < dim * base_num; ++i) base_vectors[i] = distrib_real(rng);
  auto base_dataset = vsag::Dataset::Make();
  base_dataset->Dim(dim)->NumElements(base_num)->Ids(base_ids)->Float32Vectors(base_vectors)->Owner(false);
  auto build_ret = base_idx.value()->Build(base_dataset);
  REQUIRE(build_ret.has_value());

  // 2. Tune both to HNSW_SQ via vsag::Index::Tune
  auto tune_base = base_idx.value()->Tune(bq_tune_params, true);
  REQUIRE(tune_base.has_value());
  REQUIRE(tune_base.value());

  auto base_range = base_idx.value()->GetMinAndMaxId();
  std::cout << "base_range: " << base_range.value().first << ", " << base_range.value().second << std::endl;


  int64_t query_id = base_ids[0];
  auto query_dataset = vsag::Dataset::Make();
  query_dataset->Dim(dim)->NumElements(1)->Ids(&query_id)->Float32Vectors(base_vectors)->Owner(false);
  std::string search_params_str(search_params);
  vsag::SearchParam search_param(false, search_params_str, nullptr, nullptr);
  auto search_ret = base_idx.value()->KnnSearch(query_dataset, 5, search_param);
  REQUIRE(search_ret.has_value());
  REQUIRE(search_ret.value()->GetDim() > 0);

  delete[] base_ids;
  delete[] base_vectors;
}