API

Wikipedia

__init__(user_agent: str, language='en', variant=None, extract_format=ExtractFormat.WIKI, headers=None, extra_api_params=None, max_retries=3, retry_wait=1.0, **kwargs)
page(title, ns=Namespace.MAIN)
pages(titles) — create a PagesDict of lazy pages (no network call)
coordinates(page, *, limit=10, primary='primary', prop=('globe',), distance_from_point=None (GeoPoint), distance_from_page=None) → list[Coordinate]
images(page, *, limit=10, images=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING) → ImagesDict
imageinfo(image, *, prop=('url', 'width', 'height', ...), limit=1) → list[ImageInfo]
batch_imageinfo(images, *, prop=('url', 'width', 'height', ...), limit=1) → dict[str, list[ImageInfo]]
geosearch(*, coord=None (GeoPoint), page=None, bbox=None (GeoBox), radius=500, max_dim=None, sort='distance', limit=10, ns=Namespace.MAIN, prop=None) → PagesDict
random(*, limit=1, ns=Namespace.MAIN, filter_redir='nonredirects') → PagesDict
search(query, *, ns=Namespace.MAIN, limit=10, prop=None, info=None, sort='relevance') → SearchResults
batch_coordinates(pages, *, limit=10, primary='primary', prop=('globe',), distance_from_point=None (GeoPoint), distance_from_page=None) → dict[WikipediaPage, list[Coordinate]]
batch_images(pages, *, limit=10, images=None, direction=Direction.ASCENDING) → dict[str, PagesDict]

AsyncWikipedia

Same constructor parameters as Wikipedia. All methods are coroutines (use await).

page(title, ns=Namespace.MAIN) — returns an AsyncWikipediaPage (no network call)
pages(titles) — create an AsyncPagesDict of lazy pages (no network call)
await coordinates(page, ...) → list[Coordinate]
await images(page, ...) → ImagesDict
await imageinfo(image, ...) → list[ImageInfo]
await batch_imageinfo(images, ...) → dict[str, list[ImageInfo]]
await geosearch(...) → PagesDict
await random(...) → PagesDict
await search(query, ...) → SearchResults
await batch_coordinates(pages, ...) → dict[AsyncWikipediaPage, list[Coordinate]]
await batch_images(pages, ...) → dict[str, PagesDict]

WikipediaPage

exists()
pageid
title
namespace
summary - introductory text of the page
text - full page text (summary + all sections)
sections - top-level sections (list of WikipediaPageSection)
section_by_title(title) - last section matching title (WikipediaPageSection)
sections_by_title(title) - all sections matching title (list of WikipediaPageSection)
langlinks - pages in other languages ({lang: WikipediaPage})
links - outbound links ({title: WikipediaPage})
backlinks - pages linking to this page ({title: WikipediaPage})
categories - categories this page belongs to ({title: WikipediaPage})
categorymembers - pages in this category, when ns=Namespace.CATEGORY ({title: WikipediaPage})
coordinates - geographic coordinates (list of Coordinate); triggers coordinates API call with default params
images - images/files on this page (ImagesDict); triggers images API call with default params
geosearch_meta - GeoSearchMeta or None; set when page came from geosearch() (plain property, no fetch)
search_meta - SearchMeta or None; set when page came from search() (plain property, no fetch)
displaytitle
varianttitles
canonicalurl
fullurl
editurl
ns
contentmodel
pagelanguage
pagelanguagehtmlcode
pagelanguagedir
touched
lastrevid
length
protection
restrictiontypes
watchers
visitingwatchers
notificationtimestamp
talkid
readable
preload

AsyncWikipediaPage

Mirrors WikipediaPage with the same attributes and interface. All data-fetching attributes are explicit @property definitions that return coroutines (awaitable with await).

page.title, page.ns, page.namespace, page.language, page.variant — plain properties (no await)
await page.summary — awaitable property; introductory text
await page.text — awaitable property; full page text (summary + all sections)
await page.sections — awaitable property; top-level sections (list of WikipediaPageSection)
await page.langlinks — awaitable property; {lang: AsyncWikipediaPage} dict
await page.links — awaitable property; {title: AsyncWikipediaPage} dict
await page.backlinks — awaitable property; {title: AsyncWikipediaPage} dict
await page.categories — awaitable property; {title: AsyncWikipediaPage} dict
await page.categorymembers — awaitable property; {title: AsyncWikipediaPage} dict
await page.coordinates — awaitable property; list[Coordinate]
await page.images — awaitable property; ImagesDict
page.geosearch_meta — plain property; GeoSearchMeta | None (no await)
page.search_meta — plain property; SearchMeta | None (no await)
await page.exists() — coroutine method; lazily fetches pageid via info if not yet cached
page.section_by_title(title) — synchronous; returns last matching section or None
page.sections_by_title(title) — synchronous; returns all matching sections (list)

WikipediaPageSection

title
level
text
sections
section_by_title(title)
full_text(level=1) - rendered text of this section and all descendants

WikipediaImage

Lazy representation of a Wikipedia/Commons file page. No network call is made at construction time; accessing imageinfo (or any convenience property derived from it) triggers the minimum API call needed.

title — file title including the File: prefix
language — two-letter language code
namespace — integer namespace number (6 for files)
pageid — MediaWiki page ID
imageinfo — list of ImageInfo objects (lazy-fetched; triggers API call)
url — full URL of the file (from first ImageInfo)
width — image width in pixels (from first ImageInfo)
height — image height in pixels (from first ImageInfo)
size — file size in bytes (from first ImageInfo)
mime — MIME type (from first ImageInfo)
mediatype — MediaWiki media type (from first ImageInfo)
sha1 — SHA-1 hash of the file (from first ImageInfo)
timestamp — ISO 8601 timestamp of this revision (from first ImageInfo)
user — username of the uploader (from first ImageInfo)
descriptionurl — URL of the file description page (from first ImageInfo)
descriptionshorturl — short URL of the description page (from first ImageInfo)

AsyncWikipediaImage

Async mirror of WikipediaImage. All properties that trigger network calls are awaitable (use await).

title, language, namespace, pageid — plain properties (no await)
await imageinfo — awaitable property; list of ImageInfo objects
await url — awaitable property; full URL of the file
await width — awaitable property; image width in pixels
await height — awaitable property; image height in pixels
await size — awaitable property; file size in bytes
await mime — awaitable property; MIME type
await mediatype — awaitable property; MediaWiki media type
await sha1 — awaitable property; SHA-1 hash of the file
await timestamp — awaitable property; ISO 8601 timestamp
await user — awaitable property; username of uploader
await descriptionurl — awaitable property; description page URL
await descriptionshorturl — awaitable property; short description page URL

ImagesDict

A dict[str, WikipediaImage] subclass with batch convenience methods.

imageinfo(*, prop=_DEFAULT_PROP, limit=1) → dict[str, list[ImageInfo]] — batch-fetch imageinfo for all images via batch_imageinfo()

AsyncImagesDict

Async mirror of ImagesDict.

await imageinfo(*, prop=_DEFAULT_PROP, limit=1) → dict[str, list[ImageInfo]]

ExtractFormat

WIKI - plain-text wiki markup (==Heading==)
HTML - HTML markup (<h2>Heading</h2>)

Direction

Sort direction enum used by image methods.

ASCENDING - ascending order (default)
DESCENDING - descending order

Namespace

Integer enumeration of MediaWiki namespaces. Common values:

MAIN (0) - ordinary articles
TALK (1)
USER (2)
FILE (6)
TEMPLATE (10)
CATEGORY (14)

Pass a Namespace member or a plain int wherever a namespace is accepted.

Exceptions

All exceptions raised by the library inherit from WikipediaException. No httpx or json exceptions are exposed.

WikipediaException - base exception for all Wikipedia-API errors
WikiHttpError(status_code, url) - non-success HTTP status from Wikipedia API
WikiRateLimitError(url, retry_after=None) - HTTP 429 Too Many Requests; subclass of WikiHttpError
WikiHttpTimeoutError(url) - request to Wikipedia API timed out
WikiInvalidJsonError(url) - response body was not valid JSON
WikiConnectionError(url) - could not connect to Wikipedia API

Exception hierarchy:

WikipediaException
├── WikiHttpError
│   └── WikiRateLimitError
├── WikiHttpTimeoutError
├── WikiInvalidJsonError
└── WikiConnectionError

Typed Data Classes

`Coordinate`

Frozen dataclass returned by coordinates().

lat: float — latitude
lon: float — longitude
primary: bool — whether this is the primary coordinate
globe: str — celestial body (default "earth")

`GeoPoint`

Frozen dataclass used as input for point-based coordinate parameters.

lat: float — latitude in range [-90.0, 90.0]
lon: float — longitude in range [-180.0, 180.0]

`GeoBox`

Frozen dataclass used as input for geosearch bounding boxes.

top_left: GeoPoint — north-west corner
bottom_right: GeoPoint — south-east corner

`GeoSearchMeta`

Frozen dataclass attached to pages returned by geosearch().

dist: float — distance from search point (metres)
lat: float — latitude
lon: float — longitude
primary: bool — whether the coordinate is primary

`SearchMeta`

Frozen dataclass attached to pages returned by search().

snippet: str — HTML search snippet
size: int — page size in bytes
wordcount: int — word count
timestamp: str — last edit timestamp (ISO 8601)

`ImageInfo`

Frozen dataclass representing one file revision from prop=imageinfo. All fields are optional and depend on the iiprop parameter and file availability.

url: str | None — full URL of the file
descriptionurl: str | None — URL of the file description page
descriptionshorturl: str | None — short URL of the description page
width: int | None — image width in pixels
height: int | None — image height in pixels
size: int | None — file size in bytes
mime: str | None — MIME type (e.g. "image/jpeg")
mediatype: str | None — MediaWiki media type (e.g. "BITMAP")
sha1: str | None — SHA-1 hash of the file content
timestamp: str | None — ISO 8601 timestamp of this revision
user: str | None — username of the uploader

`SearchResults`

Wrapper returned by search().

pages: PagesDict — matched pages (each has search_meta set)
totalhits: int — total number of matches server-side
suggestion: str | None — search suggestion (if any)

`PagesDict`

A dict[str, WikipediaPage] subclass with batch convenience methods.

coordinates(*, ...) → dict[WikipediaPage, list[Coordinate]]
images(*, ...) → dict[str, PagesDict]

`AsyncPagesDict`

Async mirror of PagesDict.

await coordinates(*, ...) → dict[AsyncWikipediaPage, list[Coordinate]]
await images(*, ...) → dict[str, AsyncPagesDict]

Retry Behavior

Transient errors (HTTP 429, 5xx, timeouts, connection errors) are retried automatically with exponential backoff. The behavior is controlled by two constructor parameters:

max_retries (default: 3) - maximum number of retry attempts; set to 0 to disable
retry_wait (default: 1.0) - base wait time in seconds; actual wait is retry_wait * 2^attempt

For HTTP 429, the Retry-After header is honored when present.

Non-retryable errors (HTTP 4xx other than 429, invalid JSON) raise immediately.

Enum Parameters

Many API methods accept strongly-typed enum parameters for better type safety while maintaining full backward compatibility with string values.

Available Enums

Direction

Sort direction for image methods.

ASCENDING - ascending order (default)
DESCENDING - descending order

SearchSort

Sort options for search results.

RELEVANCE - sort by relevance (default)
NONE - no sorting
RANDOM - random order
CREATE_TIMESTAMP_ASC - sort by creation time (oldest first)
CREATE_TIMESTAMP_DESC - sort by creation time (newest first)
INCOMING_LINKS_ASC - sort by incoming links (fewest first)
INCOMING_LINKS_DESC - sort by incoming links (most first)
JUST_MATCH - sort by match quality
LAST_EDIT_ASC - sort by last edit time (oldest first)
LAST_EDIT_DESC - sort by last edit time (newest first)
TITLE_NATURAL_ASC - title natural sort ascending
TITLE_NATURAL_DESC - title natural sort descending
USER_RANDOM - user-specific random

SearchProp

Properties to return in search results (deprecated upstream but still supported).

SIZE - page size in bytes
WORDCOUNT - word count
TIMESTAMP - last edit timestamp
SNIPPET - search snippet with highlighting
TITLE_SNIPPET - title snippet with highlighting
REDIRECT_TITLE - redirect title
REDIRECT_SNIPPET - redirect snippet with highlighting
SECTION_TITLE - section title
SECTION_SNIPPET - section snippet with highlighting
IS_FILE_MATCH - whether file content matched
CATEGORY_SNIPPET - category snippet with highlighting
SCORE - relevance score (deprecated)
HAS_RELATED - has related suggestions (deprecated)
EXTENSION_DATA - extension-generated data

SearchInfo

Metadata to return in search results.

TOTAL_HITS - total number of matches
SUGGESTION - spelling suggestion
REWRITTEN_QUERY - rewritten query

SearchWhat

Type of search to perform.

TEXT - search page text (default)
TITLE - search page titles only
NEAR_MATCH - near match search

SearchQiProfile

Query-independent ranking profile.

ENGINE_AUTO_SELECT - let engine choose (default)
CLASSIC - classic ranking
CLASSIC_NO_BOOST_LINKS - classic without link boost
EMPTY - empty profile (debug only)
GROWTH_UNDERLINKED - prioritize underlinked articles
MLR_1024RS - machine learning ranking
MLR_1024RS_NEXT - next generation ML ranking
POPULAR_INCLINKS - prioritize popular pages with links
POPULAR_INCLINKS_PV - prioritize popular pages with pageviews
WSUM_INCLINKS - weighted sum of incoming links
WSUM_INCLINKS_PV - weighted sum of links and pageviews

GeoSearchSort

Sort options for geographic search.

DISTANCE - sort by distance (default)
RELEVANCE - sort by relevance

Globe

Celestial body for coordinates.

EARTH - Earth (default)
MARS - Mars
MOON - Moon
VENUS - Venus

CoordinateType

Coordinate filtering options.

ALL - all coordinates (default)
PRIMARY - primary coordinates only
SECONDARY - secondary coordinates only

RedirectFilter

Redirect filtering for random pages.

ALL - all pages (redirects and non-redirects)
REDIRECTS - redirect pages only
NONREDIRECTS - non-redirect pages only (default)

CoordinatesProp

Additional coordinate properties to fetch.

COUNTRY - ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (e.g. US or RU)
DIM - Approximate size of the object in meters
GLOBE - Which terrestrial body the coordinates are relative to (e.g. moon or pluto)
NAME - Name of the object the coordinates point to
REGION - ISO 3166-2 region code (the part after the dash; e.g. FL or MOS)
TYPE - Type of the object the coordinates point to

Usage Examples

Basic Enum Usage

Type-safe enum usage (recommended):

import wikipediaapi
from wikipediaapi import (
    SearchProp, SearchInfo, SearchWhat, SearchQiProfile, SearchSort,
    GeoSearchSort, Globe, CoordinateType, RedirectFilter, Direction
)
from wikipediaapi import GeoPoint

wiki = wikipediaapi.Wikipedia('MyApp/1.0', 'en')

# Search with comprehensive enum parameters
results = wiki.search(
    "python",
    prop=[SearchProp.SIZE, SearchProp.WORDCOUNT, SearchProp.TIMESTAMP],
    info=[SearchInfo.TOTAL_HITS, SearchInfo.SUGGESTION],
    what=SearchWhat.TEXT,
    qi_profile=SearchQiProfile.ENGINE_AUTO_SELECT,
    sort=SearchSort.RELEVANCE
)

# Geosearch with enum parameters
point = GeoPoint(lat=51.5074, lon=-0.1278)
geo_results = wiki.geosearch(
    coord=point,
    sort=GeoSearchSort.DISTANCE,
    globe=Globe.EARTH
)

# Coordinates with enum parameters
page = wiki.page("Mount Everest")
coords = wiki.coordinates(
    page,
    prop=[CoordinatesProp.GLOBE, CoordinatesProp.TYPE, CoordinatesProp.COUNTRY],
    primary=CoordinateType.ALL
)

# Random pages with enum filter
random_pages = wiki.random(filter_redirect=RedirectFilter.NONREDIRECTS, limit=5)

# Images with enum direction
page = wiki.page("London")
images = wiki.images(page, direction=Direction.ASCENDING)

Advanced Enum Examples

Different search strategies:

# Search by last edited time (newest first)
results = wiki.search("python", sort=SearchSort.LAST_EDIT_DESC)

# Search by incoming links (most linked first)
results = wiki.search("python", sort=SearchSort.INCOMING_LINKS_DESC)

# Search by title (alphabetical)
results = wiki.search("python", sort=SearchSort.TITLE_NATURAL_ASC)

# Random search order
results = wiki.search("python", sort=SearchSort.RANDOM)

Geographic search on different celestial bodies:

# Search on Mars
mars_point = GeoPoint(lat=14.5, lon=175.5)
mars_results = wiki.geosearch(
    coord=mars_point,
    globe=Globe.MARS,
    sort=GeoSearchSort.DISTANCE,
    radius=1000
)

# Search on the Moon
moon_point = GeoPoint(lat=0.7, lon=23.4)
moon_results = wiki.geosearch(
    coord=moon_point,
    globe=Globe.MOON,
    sort=GeoSearchSort.DISTANCE,
    radius=500
)

Coordinate filtering:

# Get only primary coordinates
primary_coords = wiki.coordinates(page, primary=CoordinateType.PRIMARY)

# Get only secondary coordinates
secondary_coords = wiki.coordinates(page, primary=CoordinateType.SECONDARY)

# Get all coordinates (primary + secondary)
all_coords = wiki.coordinates(page, primary=CoordinateType.ALL)

# Get coordinates with specific properties
coords_with_props = wiki.coordinates(
    page,
    prop=[CoordinatesProp.GLOBE, CoordinatesProp.TYPE, CoordinatesProp.COUNTRY]
)

Redirect filtering:

# Get only redirect pages
redirects = wiki.random(filter_redirect=RedirectFilter.REDIRECTS, limit=10)

# Get only non-redirect pages
articles = wiki.random(filter_redirect=RedirectFilter.NONREDIRECTS, limit=10)

# Get all pages
all_pages = wiki.random(filter_redirect=RedirectFilter.ALL, limit=10)

Async Enum Usage

All enum parameters work identically in the async API:

import asyncio
from wikipediaapi._enums import SearchSort, GeoSearchSort, Globe

async def search_examples():
    wiki = wikipediaapi.AsyncWikipedia('MyApp/1.0', 'en')

    # Async search with enum
    results = await wiki.search("python", sort=SearchSort.RELEVANCE)

    # Async geosearch with enum
    point = GeoPoint(lat=51.5074, lon=-0.1278)
    geo_results = await wiki.geosearch(
        coord=point,
        sort=GeoSearchSort.DISTANCE,
        globe=Globe.EARTH
    )

    return results, geo_results

results, geo_results = asyncio.run(search_examples())

Backward-compatible string usage:

# All of these still work exactly the same
results = wiki.search("python", sort="relevance")
geo_results = wiki.geosearch(coord=point, sort="distance", globe="earth")
coords = wiki.coordinates(page, prop=["globe", "type", "country"], primary="all")
random_pages = wiki.random(filter_redirect="nonredirects", limit=5)
images = wiki.images(page, direction="ascending")

Mixed Enum and String Usage

You can mix enums and strings in the same call:

# Mix enum and string parameters
results = wiki.search("python", sort=SearchSort.RELEVANCE, ns=0)  # ns as int
geo_results = wiki.geosearch(
    coord=point,
    sort=GeoSearchSort.DISTANCE,  # enum
    globe="earth",               # string
    radius=1000
)

# This flexibility makes migration easy

Type Aliases

For function signatures, the library uses Wiki* type aliases that accept both enum members and strings:

WikiDirection = Union[Direction, str]
WikiCoordinateType = Union[CoordinateType, str]
WikiGlobe = Union[Globe, str]
WikiSearchSort = Union[SearchSort, str]
WikiSearchProp = Union[SearchProp, str]
WikiSearchInfo = Union[SearchInfo, str]
WikiSearchWhat = Union[SearchWhat, str]
WikiSearchQiProfile = Union[SearchQiProfile, str]
WikiGeoSearchSort = Union[GeoSearchSort, str]
WikiRedirectFilter = Union[RedirectFilter, str]
WikiCoordinatesProp = Union[CoordinatesProp, str]

This means you can write type-annotated code that accepts either form:

def search_wiki(query: str, sort: WikiSearchSort) -> SearchResults:
    wiki = wikipediaapi.Wikipedia('MyApp/1.0')
    return wiki.search(query, sort=sort)

def geo_search_wiki(
    coord: GeoPoint,
    sort: WikiGeoSearchSort,
    globe: WikiGlobe
) -> PagesDict:
    wiki = wikipediaapi.Wikipedia('MyApp/1.0')
    return wiki.geosearch(coord=coord, sort=sort, globe=globe)

# Both calls work
search_wiki("python", SearchSort.RELEVANCE)  # Type-safe
search_wiki("python", "relevance")          # Backward compatible

geo_search_wiki(point, GeoSearchSort.DISTANCE, Globe.EARTH)  # Type-safe
geo_search_wiki(point, "distance", "earth")                   # Backward compatible

Converter Functions

If you need to convert enum values to strings manually (e.g., for debugging or custom API calls), use the converter functions:

direction2str(value: WikiDirection) -> str
coordinate_type2str(value: WikiCoordinateType) -> str
globe2str(value: WikiGlobe) -> str
search_sort2str(value: WikiSearchSort) -> str
search_prop2str(value: WikiSearchProp) -> str
search_info2str(value: WikiSearchInfo) -> str
search_what2str(value: WikiSearchWhat) -> str
search_qi_profile2str(value: WikiSearchQiProfile) -> str
geosearch_sort2str(value: WikiGeoSearchSort) -> str
redirect_filter2str(value: WikiRedirectFilter) -> str
coordinates_prop2str(value: WikiCoordinatesProp) -> str

All converters handle both enum members and strings gracefully:

from wikipediaapi._enums import (
    search_sort2str, SearchSort,
    geosearch_sort2str, GeoSearchSort,
    globe2str, Globe
)

# Enum to string conversion
assert search_sort2str(SearchSort.RELEVANCE) == "relevance"
assert geosearch_sort2str(GeoSearchSort.DISTANCE) == "distance"
assert globe2str(Globe.EARTH) == "earth"

# String pass-through (unchanged)
assert search_sort2str("relevance") == "relevance"
assert geosearch_sort2str("distance") == "distance"
assert globe2str("earth") == "earth"

# Custom values pass through unchanged
assert search_sort2str("custom_sort") == "custom_sort"
assert globe2str("custom_globe") == "custom_globe"

Use Cases for Converter Functions

# Debugging API parameters
def debug_search_params(sort: WikiSearchSort):
    sort_str = search_sort2str(sort)
    print(f"Searching with sort: {sort_str}")
    return wiki.search("python", sort=sort)

# Building custom API URLs
def build_custom_search_url(sort: WikiSearchSort):
    sort_str = search_sort2str(sort)
    return f"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=search&srsearch=python&srsort={sort_str}"

# Logging and monitoring
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def log_geosearch_params(sort: WikiGeoSearchSort, globe: WikiGlobe):
    logger.info(f"Geosearch: sort={geosearch_sort2str(sort)}, globe={globe2str(globe)}")
    return wiki.geosearch(coord=point, sort=sort, globe=globe)

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API

Wikipedia

AsyncWikipedia

WikipediaPage

AsyncWikipediaPage

WikipediaPageSection

WikipediaImage

AsyncWikipediaImage

ImagesDict

AsyncImagesDict

ExtractFormat

Direction

Namespace

Exceptions

Typed Data Classes

`Coordinate`

`GeoPoint`

`GeoBox`

`GeoSearchMeta`

`SearchMeta`

`ImageInfo`

`SearchResults`

`PagesDict`

`AsyncPagesDict`

Retry Behavior

Enum Parameters

Available Enums

Usage Examples

Type Aliases

Converter Functions

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File metadata and controls

API

Wikipedia

AsyncWikipedia

WikipediaPage

AsyncWikipediaPage

WikipediaPageSection

WikipediaImage

AsyncWikipediaImage

ImagesDict

AsyncImagesDict

ExtractFormat

Direction

Namespace

Exceptions

Typed Data Classes

Coordinate

GeoPoint

GeoBox

GeoSearchMeta

SearchMeta

ImageInfo

SearchResults

PagesDict

AsyncPagesDict

Retry Behavior

Enum Parameters

Available Enums

Usage Examples

Type Aliases

Converter Functions

`Coordinate`

`GeoPoint`

`GeoBox`

`GeoSearchMeta`

`SearchMeta`

`ImageInfo`

`SearchResults`

`PagesDict`

`AsyncPagesDict`