tui: recover local state db startup failures

[etraut-openai]

Why

#22580 made app-server startup fail when the local SQLite state database cannot be initialized. Embedded/local TUI startup still continued on the permissive path, which left the CLI inconsistent and could hide a real startup problem behind unrelated UI. This brings local TUI startup onto the same fail-closed behavior while keeping recovery humane for the two failure modes we are seeing in practice: damaged database files and startup stalls caused by another process holding the database write lock.

What changed

• Embedded TUI startup now uses state_db::try_init(...) and returns a typed LocalStateDbStartupError that preserves the affected database path plus the underlying failure detail.
• CLI startup handles that failure before entering the interactive TUI:
  • lock-contention failures tell users to quit other Codex processes and try again
  • failures consistent with a broken local database offer a safe repair that backs up Codex-owned SQLite files, rebuilds local database files, and retries startup once
  • declined or unsuccessful repairs print concise guidance plus technical details
• Shared startup error plumbing lives in tui/src/startup_error.rs, while CLI recovery policy and focused recovery tests live in cli/src/state_db_recovery.rs.

Verification

• cargo test -p codex-tui embedded_state_db_failure_is_typed_for_cli_recovery
• cargo test -p codex-cli state_db_recovery
• Manually held an exclusive SQLite lock on state_5.sqlite and confirmed the CLI shows lock-specific guidance without offering repair.
• Manually exercised the repair path with a deliberately invalid sqlite_home and confirmed it backs up the blocking path and resumes startup.

[ddr-oai]

this is like mini version of above code -- just loop back and retry once?

[etraut-openai]

Addressed. I collapsed this into a single bounded retry loop with an attempted_repair flag, so startup failure classification now lives in one place while still guaranteeing we only offer repair once.