abi: add a rust-preserve-none calling convention

This is the conceptual opposite of the rust-cold calling convention and
is particularly useful in combination with the new `explicit_tail_calls`
feature.

For relatively tight loops implemented with tail calling (`become`) each
of the function with the regular calling convention is still responsible
for restoring the initial value of the preserved registers. So it is not
unusual to end up with a situation where each step in the tail call loop
is spilling and reloading registers, along the lines of:

    foo:
        push r12
        ; do things
        pop r12
        jmp next_step

This adds up quickly, especially when most of the clobberable registers
are already used to pass arguments or other uses.

I was thinking of making the name of this ABI a little less LLVM-derived
and more like a conceptual inverse of `rust-cold`, but could not come
with a great name (`rust-cold` is itself not a great name: cold in what
context? from which perspective? is it supposed to mean that the
function is rarely called?)

Author: nagisa

compiler/rustc_abi/src/canon_abi.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ pub enum CanonAbi {
     C,
     Rust,
     RustCold,
+    RustPreserveNone,
 
     /// An ABI that rustc does not know how to call or define.
     Custom,
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ pub enum CanonAbi {
 impl CanonAbi {
     pub fn is_rustic_abi(self) -> bool {
         match self {
-            CanonAbi::Rust | CanonAbi::RustCold => true,
+            CanonAbi::Rust | CanonAbi::RustCold | CanonAbi::RustPreserveNone => true,
             CanonAbi::C
             | CanonAbi::Custom
             | CanonAbi::Arm(_)
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for CanonAbi {
             CanonAbi::C => ExternAbi::C { unwind: false },
             CanonAbi::Rust => ExternAbi::Rust,
             CanonAbi::RustCold => ExternAbi::RustCold,
+            CanonAbi::RustPreserveNone => ExternAbi::RustPreserveNone,
             CanonAbi::Custom => ExternAbi::Custom,
             CanonAbi::Arm(arm_call) => match arm_call {
                 ArmCall::Aapcs => ExternAbi::Aapcs { unwind: false },

compiler/rustc_abi/src/extern_abi.rs

@@ -109,6 +109,13 @@ pub enum ExternAbi {
     Win64 {
         unwind: bool,
     },
+
+    /// Preserves no registers.
+    ///
+    /// Note, that this ABI is not stable in the registers it uses, is intended as an optimization
+    /// and may fall-back to a more conservative calling convention if the backend does not support
+    /// forcing callers to save all registers.
+    RustPreserveNone,
 }
 
 macro_rules! abi_impls {
@@ -177,6 +184,7 @@ abi_impls! {
             Win64 { unwind: false } =><= "win64",
             Win64 { unwind: true } =><= "win64-unwind",
             X86Interrupt =><= "x86-interrupt",
+            RustPreserveNone =><= "rust-preserve-none",
     }
 }
 
@@ -243,7 +251,7 @@ impl ExternAbi {
     /// - are subject to change between compiler versions
     pub fn is_rustic_abi(self) -> bool {
         use ExternAbi::*;
-        matches!(self, Rust | RustCall | RustCold)
+        matches!(self, Rust | RustCall | RustCold | RustPreserveNone)
     }
 
     /// Returns whether the ABI supports C variadics. This only controls whether we allow *imports*
@@ -315,7 +323,8 @@ impl ExternAbi {
             | Self::Thiscall { .. }
             | Self::Vectorcall { .. }
             | Self::SysV64 { .. }
-            | Self::Win64 { .. } => true,
+            | Self::Win64 { .. }
+            | Self::RustPreserveNone => true,
         }
     }
 }

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/stability.rs

@@ -96,6 +96,11 @@ pub fn extern_abi_stability(abi: ExternAbi) -> Result<(), UnstableAbi> {
         ExternAbi::RustCold => {
             Err(UnstableAbi { abi, feature: sym::rust_cold_cc, explain: GateReason::Experimental })
         }
+        ExternAbi::RustPreserveNone => Err(UnstableAbi {
+            abi,
+            feature: sym::rust_preserve_none_cc,
+            explain: GateReason::Experimental,
+        }),
         ExternAbi::RustInvalid => {
             Err(UnstableAbi { abi, feature: sym::rustc_attrs, explain: GateReason::ImplDetail })
         }

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/ast_validation.rs

@@ -400,6 +400,7 @@ impl<'a> AstValidator<'a> {
                     CanonAbi::C
                     | CanonAbi::Rust
                     | CanonAbi::RustCold
+                    | CanonAbi::RustPreserveNone
                     | CanonAbi::Arm(_)
                     | CanonAbi::X86(_) => { /* nothing to check */ }
 

compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/abi/mod.rs

@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ pub(crate) fn conv_to_call_conv(
         CanonAbi::Rust | CanonAbi::C => default_call_conv,
         CanonAbi::RustCold => CallConv::Cold,
 
+        // Cranelift doesn't currently have anything for this.
+        CanonAbi::RustPreserveNone => default_call_conv,
+
         // Functions with this calling convention can only be called from assembly, but it is
         // possible to declare an `extern "custom"` block, so the backend still needs a calling
         // convention for declaring foreign functions.

compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/src/abi.rs

@@ -243,6 +243,8 @@ impl<'gcc, 'tcx> FnAbiGccExt<'gcc, 'tcx> for FnAbi<'tcx, Ty<'tcx>> {
 pub fn conv_to_fn_attribute<'gcc>(conv: CanonAbi, arch: &Arch) -> Option<FnAttribute<'gcc>> {
     let attribute = match conv {
         CanonAbi::C | CanonAbi::Rust => return None,
+        // gcc/gccjit does not have anything for this.
+        CanonAbi::RustPreserveNone => return None,
         CanonAbi::RustCold => FnAttribute::Cold,
         // Functions with this calling convention can only be called from assembly, but it is
         // possible to declare an `extern "custom"` block, so the backend still needs a calling

compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/abi.rs

@@ -694,6 +694,7 @@ pub(crate) fn to_llvm_calling_convention(sess: &Session, abi: CanonAbi) -> llvm:
     match abi {
         CanonAbi::C | CanonAbi::Rust => llvm::CCallConv,
         CanonAbi::RustCold => llvm::PreserveMost,
+        CanonAbi::RustPreserveNone => llvm::PreserveNone,
         // Functions with this calling convention can only be called from assembly, but it is
         // possible to declare an `extern "custom"` block, so the backend still needs a calling
         // convention for declaring foreign functions.

compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/attributes.rs

@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ fn create_alloc_family_attr(llcx: &llvm::Context) -> &llvm::Attribute {
     llvm::CreateAttrStringValue(llcx, "alloc-family", "__rust_alloc")
 }
 
-/// Helper for `FnAbi::apply_attrs_llfn`:
+/// Helper for `FnAbiLlvmExt::apply_attrs_llfn`:
 /// Composite function which sets LLVM attributes for function depending on its AST (`#[attribute]`)
 /// attributes.
 pub(crate) fn llfn_attrs_from_instance<'ll, 'tcx>(

compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/llvm/ffi.rs

@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ pub(crate) enum CallConv {
     PreserveMost = 14,
     PreserveAll = 15,
     Tail = 18,
+    PreserveNone = 21,
     X86StdcallCallConv = 64,
     X86FastcallCallConv = 65,
     ArmAapcsCallConv = 67,

compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs

@@ -632,6 +632,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (unstable, rtm_target_feature, "1.35.0", Some(150258)),
     /// Allows `extern "rust-cold"`.
     (unstable, rust_cold_cc, "1.63.0", Some(97544)),
+    /// Allows `extern "rust-preserve-none"`.
+    (unstable, rust_preserve_none_cc, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(151401)),
     /// Target features on s390x.
     (unstable, s390x_target_feature, "1.82.0", Some(150259)),
     /// Allows the use of the `sanitize` attribute.