# Struct std::error::Report

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    pub struct Report<E = Box<dyn Error>> { /* private fields */ }

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`error_reporter` #90172)
Expand description

An error reporter that prints an error and its sources.

Report also exposes configuration options for formatting the error sources, either entirely on a single line, or in multi-line format with each source on a new line.

`Report` only requires that the wrapped error implement `Error`. It doesn’t require that the wrapped error be `Send`, `Sync`, or `'static`.

## Examples

    #![feature(error_reporter)]
    use std::error::{Error, Report};
    use std::fmt;

    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct SuperError {
        source: SuperErrorSideKick,
    }

    impl fmt::Display for SuperError {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "SuperError is here!")
        }
    }

    impl Error for SuperError {
        fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
            Some(&self.source)
        }
    }

    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct SuperErrorSideKick;

    impl fmt::Display for SuperErrorSideKick {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "SuperErrorSideKick is here!")
        }
    }

    impl Error for SuperErrorSideKick {}

    fn get_super_error() -> Result<(), SuperError> {
        Err(SuperError { source: SuperErrorSideKick })
    }

    fn main() {
        match get_super_error() {
            Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", Report::new(e)),
            _ => println!("No error"),
        }
    }

Run

This example produces the following output:

    Error: SuperError is here!: SuperErrorSideKick is here!

### Output consistency

Report prints the same output via `Display` and `Debug`, so it works well with `Result::unwrap`/`Result::expect` which print their `Err` variant via `Debug`:

ⓘ

    #![feature(error_reporter)]
    use std::error::Report;

    get_super_error().map_err(Report::new).unwrap();

Run

This example produces the following output:

    thread 'main' panicked at src/error.rs:34:40:
    called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: SuperError is here!: SuperErrorSideKick is here!
    note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace

### Return from `main`

`Report` also implements `From` for all types that implement `Error`; this when combined with the `Debug` output means `Report` is an ideal starting place for formatting errors returned from `main`.

ⓘ

    #![feature(error_reporter)]
    use std::error::Report;

    fn main() -> Result<(), Report<SuperError>> {
        get_super_error()?;
        Ok(())
    }

Run

This example produces the following output:

    Error: SuperError is here!: SuperErrorSideKick is here!

Note: `Report`s constructed via `?` and `From` will be configured to use the single line output format. If you want to make sure your `Report`s are pretty printed and include backtrace you will need to manually convert and enable those flags.

ⓘ

    #![feature(error_reporter)]
    use std::error::Report;

    fn main() -> Result<(), Report<SuperError>> {
        get_super_error()
            .map_err(Report::from)
            .map_err(|r| r.pretty(true).show_backtrace(true))?;
        Ok(())
    }

Run

This example produces the following output:

    Error: SuperError is here!

    Caused by:
          SuperErrorSideKick is here!

## Implementations§

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### impl<E> Report<E>where Report<E>: From<E>,

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#### pub fn new(error: E) -> Report<E>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`error_reporter` #90172)

Create a new `Report` from an input error.

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### impl<E> Report<E>

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#### pub fn pretty(self, pretty: bool) -> Self

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`error_reporter` #90172)

Enable pretty-printing the report across multiple lines.

##### Examples

    #![feature(error_reporter)]
    use std::error::Report;

    let error = SuperError { source: SuperErrorSideKick };
    let report = Report::new(error).pretty(true);
    eprintln!("Error: {report:?}");

Run

This example produces the following output:

    Error: SuperError is here!

    Caused by:
          SuperErrorSideKick is here!

When there are multiple source errors the causes will be numbered in order of iteration starting from the outermost error.

    #![feature(error_reporter)]
    use std::error::Report;

    let source = SuperErrorSideKickSideKick;
    let source = SuperErrorSideKick { source };
    let error = SuperError { source };
    let report = Report::new(error).pretty(true);
    eprintln!("Error: {report:?}");

Run

This example produces the following output:

    Error: SuperError is here!

    Caused by:
       0: SuperErrorSideKick is here!
       1: SuperErrorSideKickSideKick is here!

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#### pub fn show_backtrace(self, show_backtrace: bool) -> Self

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`error_reporter` #90172)

Display backtrace if available when using pretty output format.

##### Examples

Note: Report will search for the first `Backtrace` it can find starting from the outermost error. In this example it will display the backtrace from the second error in the sources, `SuperErrorSideKick`.

    #![feature(error_reporter)]
    #![feature(error_generic_member_access)]
    use std::error::Request;
    use std::error::Report;
    use std::backtrace::Backtrace;

    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct SuperErrorSideKick {
        backtrace: Backtrace,
    }

    impl SuperErrorSideKick {
        fn new() -> SuperErrorSideKick {
            SuperErrorSideKick { backtrace: Backtrace::force_capture() }
        }
    }

    impl Error for SuperErrorSideKick {
        fn provide<'a>(&'a self, request: &mut Request<'a>) {
            request.provide_ref::<Backtrace>(&self.backtrace);
        }
    }

    // The rest of the example is unchanged ...

    let source = SuperErrorSideKick::new();
    let error = SuperError { source };
    let report = Report::new(error).pretty(true).show_backtrace(true);
    eprintln!("Error: {report:?}");

Run

This example produces something similar to the following output:

    Error: SuperError is here!

    Caused by:
          SuperErrorSideKick is here!

    Stack backtrace:
       0: rust_out::main::_doctest_main_src_error_rs_1158_0::SuperErrorSideKick::new
       1: rust_out::main::_doctest_main_src_error_rs_1158_0
       2: rust_out::main
       3: core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once
       4: std::sys_common::backtrace::__rust_begin_short_backtrace
       5: std::rt::lang_start::{{closure}}
       6: std::panicking::try
       7: std::rt::lang_start_internal
       8: std::rt::lang_start
       9: main
      10: __libc_start_main
      11: _start

## Trait Implementations§

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### impl<E> Debug for Report<E>where Report<E>: Display,

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#### fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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### impl<E> Display for Report<E>where E: Error,

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#### fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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### impl<E> From<E> for Report<E>where E: Error,

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#### fn from(error: E) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

## Auto Trait Implementations§

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### impl<E> RefUnwindSafe for Report<E>where E: RefUnwindSafe,

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### impl<E> Send for Report<E>where E: Send,

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### impl<E> Sync for Report<E>where E: Sync,

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### impl<E> Unpin for Report<E>where E: Unpin,

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### impl<E> UnwindSafe for Report<E>where E: UnwindSafe,

## Blanket Implementations§

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### impl<T> Any for Twhere T: 'static + ?Sized,

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#### fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the `TypeId` of `self`. Read more
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### impl<T> Borrow<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

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#### fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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### impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

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#### fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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### impl<T> From<!> for T

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#### fn from(t: !) -> T

Converts to this type from the input type.
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### impl<T> From<T> for T

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#### fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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### impl<T, U> Into<U> for Twhere U: From<T>,

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#### fn into(self) -> U

Calls `U::from(self)`.

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of `From<T> for U` chooses to do.

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### impl<T> ToString for Twhere T: Display + ?Sized,

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#### default fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a `String`. Read more
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### impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for Twhere U: Into<T>,

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#### type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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#### fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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### impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for Twhere U: TryFrom<T>,

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#### type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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#### fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.