# Function std::slice::from_raw_parts

1.0.0 (const: 1.64.0) · source ·

    pub const unsafe fn from_raw_parts<'a, T>(data: *const T, len: usize) -> &'a [T]

Expand description

Forms a slice from a pointer and a length.

The `len` argument is the number of elements, not the number of bytes.

## Safety

Behavior is undefined if any of the following conditions are violated:

- `data` must be valid for reads for `len * mem::size_of::<T>()` many bytes, and it must be properly aligned. This means in particular:

  - The entire memory range of this slice must be contained within a single allocated object! Slices can never span across multiple allocated objects. See below for an example incorrectly not taking this into account.
  - `data` must be non-null and aligned even for zero-length slices. One reason for this is that enum layout optimizations may rely on references (including slices of any length) being aligned and non-null to distinguish them from other data. You can obtain a pointer that is usable as `data` for zero-length slices using `NonNull::dangling()`.

- `data` must point to `len` consecutive properly initialized values of type `T`.

- The memory referenced by the returned slice must not be mutated for the duration of lifetime `'a`, except inside an `UnsafeCell`.

- The total size `len * mem::size_of::<T>()` of the slice must be no larger than `isize::MAX`, and adding that size to `data` must not “wrap around” the address space. See the safety documentation of `pointer::offset`.

## Caveat

The lifetime for the returned slice is inferred from its usage. To prevent accidental misuse, it’s suggested to tie the lifetime to whichever source lifetime is safe in the context, such as by providing a helper function taking the lifetime of a host value for the slice, or by explicit annotation.

## Examples

    use std::slice;

    // manifest a slice for a single element
    let x = 42;
    let ptr = &x as *const _;
    let slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, 1) };
    assert_eq!(slice[0], 42);

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#### Incorrect usage

The following `join_slices` function is unsound ⚠️

    use std::slice;

    fn join_slices<'a, T>(fst: &'a [T], snd: &'a [T]) -> &'a [T] {
        let fst_end = fst.as_ptr().wrapping_add(fst.len());
        let snd_start = snd.as_ptr();
        assert_eq!(fst_end, snd_start, "Slices must be contiguous!");
        unsafe {
            // The assertion above ensures `fst` and `snd` are contiguous, but they might
            // still be contained within _different allocated objects_, in which case
            // creating this slice is undefined behavior.
            slice::from_raw_parts(fst.as_ptr(), fst.len() + snd.len())
        }
    }

    fn main() {
        // `a` and `b` are different allocated objects...
        let a = 42;
        let b = 27;
        // ... which may nevertheless be laid out contiguously in memory: | a | b |
        let _ = join_slices(slice::from_ref(&a), slice::from_ref(&b)); // UB
    }

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