# Struct std::ffi::OsString

1.0.0 · source ·

    pub struct OsString { /* private fields */ }

Expand description

A type that can represent owned, mutable platform-native strings, but is cheaply inter-convertible with Rust strings.

The need for this type arises from the fact that:

- On Unix systems, strings are often arbitrary sequences of non-zero bytes, in many cases interpreted as UTF-8.

- On Windows, strings are often arbitrary sequences of non-zero 16-bit values, interpreted as UTF-16 when it is valid to do so.

- In Rust, strings are always valid UTF-8, which may contain zeros.

`OsString` and `OsStr` bridge this gap by simultaneously representing Rust and platform-native string values, and in particular allowing a Rust string to be converted into an “OS” string with no cost if possible. A consequence of this is that `OsString` instances are not `NUL` terminated; in order to pass to e.g., Unix system call, you should create a `CStr`.

`OsString` is to `&OsStr` as `String` is to `&str`: the former in each pair are owned strings; the latter are borrowed references.

Note, `OsString` and `OsStr` internally do not necessarily hold strings in the form native to the platform; While on Unix, strings are stored as a sequence of 8-bit values, on Windows, where strings are 16-bit value based as just discussed, strings are also actually stored as a sequence of 8-bit values, encoded in a less-strict variant of UTF-8. This is useful to understand when handling capacity and length values.

## Capacity of `OsString`

Capacity uses units of UTF-8 bytes for OS strings which were created from valid unicode, and uses units of bytes in an unspecified encoding for other contents. On a given target, all `OsString` and `OsStr` values use the same units for capacity, so the following will work:

    use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};

    fn concat_os_strings(a: &OsStr, b: &OsStr) -> OsString {
        let mut ret = OsString::with_capacity(a.len() + b.len()); // This will allocate
        ret.push(a); // This will not allocate further
        ret.push(b); // This will not allocate further
        ret
    }

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## Creating an `OsString`

From a Rust string: `OsString` implements `From<String>`, so you can use `my_string.into()` to create an `OsString` from a normal Rust string.

From slices: Just like you can start with an empty Rust `String` and then `String::push_str` some `&str` sub-string slices into it, you can create an empty `OsString` with the `OsString::new` method and then push string slices into it with the `OsString::push` method.

## Extracting a borrowed reference to the whole OS string

You can use the `OsString::as_os_str` method to get an `&OsStr` from an `OsString`; this is effectively a borrowed reference to the whole string.

## Conversions

See the module’s toplevel documentation about conversions for a discussion on the traits which `OsString` implements for conversions from/to native representations.

## Implementations§

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### impl OsString

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#### pub fn new() -> OsString

Constructs a new empty `OsString`.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let os_string = OsString::new();

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1.74.0 · source

#### pub unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self

Converts bytes to an `OsString` without checking that the bytes contains valid `OsStr`-encoded data.

The byte encoding is an unspecified, platform-specific, self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8. By being a self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8, this encoding is also a superset of 7-bit ASCII.

See the module’s toplevel documentation about conversions for safe, cross-platform conversions from/to native representations.

##### Safety

As the encoding is unspecified, callers must pass in bytes that originated as a mixture of validated UTF-8 and bytes from `OsStr::as_encoded_bytes` from within the same rust version built for the same target platform. For example, reconstructing an `OsString` from bytes sent over the network or stored in a file will likely violate these safety rules.

Due to the encoding being self-synchronizing, the bytes from `OsStr::as_encoded_bytes` can be split either immediately before or immediately after any valid non-empty UTF-8 substring.

##### Example

    use std::ffi::OsStr;

    let os_str = OsStr::new("Mary had a little lamb");
    let bytes = os_str.as_encoded_bytes();
    let words = bytes.split(|b| *b == b' ');
    let words: Vec<&OsStr> = words.map(|word| {
        // SAFETY:
        // - Each `word` only contains content that originated from `OsStr::as_encoded_bytes`
        // - Only split with ASCII whitespace which is a non-empty UTF-8 substring
        unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(word) }
    }).collect();

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#### pub fn as_os_str(&self) -> &OsStr

Converts to an `OsStr` slice.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::{OsString, OsStr};

    let os_string = OsString::from("foo");
    let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
    assert_eq!(os_string.as_os_str(), os_str);

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1.74.0 · source

#### pub fn into_encoded_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> ⓘ

Converts the `OsString` into a byte slice. To convert the byte slice back into an `OsString`, use the `OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked` function.

The byte encoding is an unspecified, platform-specific, self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8. By being a self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8, this encoding is also a superset of 7-bit ASCII.

Note: As the encoding is unspecified, any sub-slice of bytes that is not valid UTF-8 should be treated as opaque and only comparable within the same rust version built for the same target platform. For example, sending the bytes over the network or storing it in a file will likely result in incompatible data. See `OsString` for more encoding details and `std::ffi` for platform-specific, specified conversions.

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#### pub fn into_string(self) -> Result<String, OsString>

Converts the `OsString` into a `String` if it contains valid Unicode data.

On failure, ownership of the original `OsString` is returned.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let os_string = OsString::from("foo");
    let string = os_string.into_string();
    assert_eq!(string, Ok(String::from("foo")));

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#### pub fn push<T: AsRef<OsStr>>(&mut self, s: T)

Extends the string with the given `&OsStr` slice.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut os_string = OsString::from("foo");
    os_string.push("bar");
    assert_eq!(&os_string, "foobar");

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1.9.0 · source

#### pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> OsString

Creates a new `OsString` with at least the given capacity.

The string will be able to hold at least `capacity` length units of other OS strings without reallocating. This method is allowed to allocate for more units than `capacity`. If `capacity` is 0, the string will not allocate.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut os_string = OsString::with_capacity(10);
    let capacity = os_string.capacity();

    // This push is done without reallocating
    os_string.push("foo");

    assert_eq!(capacity, os_string.capacity());

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1.9.0 · source

#### pub fn clear(&mut self)

Truncates the `OsString` to zero length.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut os_string = OsString::from("foo");
    assert_eq!(&os_string, "foo");

    os_string.clear();
    assert_eq!(&os_string, "");

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1.9.0 · source

#### pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize

Returns the capacity this `OsString` can hold without reallocating.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let os_string = OsString::with_capacity(10);
    assert!(os_string.capacity() >= 10);

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1.9.0 · source

#### pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

Reserves capacity for at least `additional` more capacity to be inserted in the given `OsString`. Does nothing if the capacity is already sufficient.

The collection may reserve more space to speculatively avoid frequent reallocations.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut s = OsString::new();
    s.reserve(10);
    assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);

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1.63.0 · source

#### pub fn try_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) -> Result<(), TryReserveError>

Tries to reserve capacity for at least `additional` more length units in the given `OsString`. The string may reserve more space to speculatively avoid frequent reallocations. After calling `try_reserve`, capacity will be greater than or equal to `self.len() + additional` if it returns `Ok(())`. Does nothing if capacity is already sufficient. This method preserves the contents even if an error occurs.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Errors

If the capacity overflows, or the allocator reports a failure, then an error is returned.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
    use std::collections::TryReserveError;

    fn process_data(data: &str) -> Result<OsString, TryReserveError> {
        let mut s = OsString::new();

        // Pre-reserve the memory, exiting if we can't
        s.try_reserve(OsStr::new(data).len())?;

        // Now we know this can't OOM in the middle of our complex work
        s.push(data);

        Ok(s)
    }

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1.9.0 · source

#### pub fn reserve_exact(&mut self, additional: usize)

Reserves the minimum capacity for at least `additional` more capacity to be inserted in the given `OsString`. Does nothing if the capacity is already sufficient.

Note that the allocator may give the collection more space than it requests. Therefore, capacity can not be relied upon to be precisely minimal. Prefer `reserve` if future insertions are expected.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut s = OsString::new();
    s.reserve_exact(10);
    assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);

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1.63.0 · source

#### pub fn try_reserve_exact( &mut self, additional: usize ) -> Result<(), TryReserveError>

Tries to reserve the minimum capacity for at least `additional` more length units in the given `OsString`. After calling `try_reserve_exact`, capacity will be greater than or equal to `self.len() + additional` if it returns `Ok(())`. Does nothing if the capacity is already sufficient.

Note that the allocator may give the `OsString` more space than it requests. Therefore, capacity can not be relied upon to be precisely minimal. Prefer `try_reserve` if future insertions are expected.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Errors

If the capacity overflows, or the allocator reports a failure, then an error is returned.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
    use std::collections::TryReserveError;

    fn process_data(data: &str) -> Result<OsString, TryReserveError> {
        let mut s = OsString::new();

        // Pre-reserve the memory, exiting if we can't
        s.try_reserve_exact(OsStr::new(data).len())?;

        // Now we know this can't OOM in the middle of our complex work
        s.push(data);

        Ok(s)
    }

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1.19.0 · source

#### pub fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self)

Shrinks the capacity of the `OsString` to match its length.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut s = OsString::from("foo");

    s.reserve(100);
    assert!(s.capacity() >= 100);

    s.shrink_to_fit();
    assert_eq!(3, s.capacity());

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1.56.0 · source

#### pub fn shrink_to(&mut self, min_capacity: usize)

Shrinks the capacity of the `OsString` with a lower bound.

The capacity will remain at least as large as both the length and the supplied value.

If the current capacity is less than the lower limit, this is a no-op.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut s = OsString::from("foo");

    s.reserve(100);
    assert!(s.capacity() >= 100);

    s.shrink_to(10);
    assert!(s.capacity() >= 10);
    s.shrink_to(0);
    assert!(s.capacity() >= 3);

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1.20.0 · source

#### pub fn into_boxed_os_str(self) -> Box<OsStr>

Converts this `OsString` into a boxed `OsStr`.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::{OsString, OsStr};

    let s = OsString::from("hello");

    let b: Box<OsStr> = s.into_boxed_os_str();

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## Methods from Deref<Target = OsStr>§

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#### pub fn to_str(&self) -> Option<&str>

Yields a `&str` slice if the `OsStr` is valid Unicode.

This conversion may entail doing a check for UTF-8 validity.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsStr;

    let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
    assert_eq!(os_str.to_str(), Some("foo"));

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source

#### pub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<'_, str>

Converts an `OsStr` to a `Cow<str>`.

Any non-Unicode sequences are replaced with `U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER`.

##### Examples

Calling `to_string_lossy` on an `OsStr` with invalid unicode:

    // Note, due to differences in how Unix and Windows represent strings,
    // we are forced to complicate this example, setting up example `OsStr`s
    // with different source data and via different platform extensions.
    // Understand that in reality you could end up with such example invalid
    // sequences simply through collecting user command line arguments, for
    // example.

    #[cfg(unix)] {
        use std::ffi::OsStr;
        use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;

        // Here, the values 0x66 and 0x6f correspond to 'f' and 'o'
        // respectively. The value 0x80 is a lone continuation byte, invalid
        // in a UTF-8 sequence.
        let source = [0x66, 0x6f, 0x80, 0x6f];
        let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(&source[..]);

        assert_eq!(os_str.to_string_lossy(), "fo�o");
    }
    #[cfg(windows)] {
        use std::ffi::OsString;
        use std::os::windows::prelude::*;

        // Here the values 0x0066 and 0x006f correspond to 'f' and 'o'
        // respectively. The value 0xD800 is a lone surrogate half, invalid
        // in a UTF-16 sequence.
        let source = [0x0066, 0x006f, 0xD800, 0x006f];
        let os_string = OsString::from_wide(&source[..]);
        let os_str = os_string.as_os_str();

        assert_eq!(os_str.to_string_lossy(), "fo�o");
    }

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source

#### pub fn to_os_string(&self) -> OsString

Copies the slice into an owned `OsString`.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};

    let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
    let os_string = os_str.to_os_string();
    assert_eq!(os_string, OsString::from("foo"));

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1.9.0 · source

#### pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

Checks whether the `OsStr` is empty.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsStr;

    let os_str = OsStr::new("");
    assert!(os_str.is_empty());

    let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
    assert!(!os_str.is_empty());

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1.9.0 · source

#### pub fn len(&self) -> usize

Returns the length of this `OsStr`.

Note that this does not return the number of bytes in the string in OS string form.

The length returned is that of the underlying storage used by `OsStr`. As discussed in the `OsString` introduction, `OsString` and `OsStr` store strings in a form best suited for cheap inter-conversion between native-platform and Rust string forms, which may differ significantly from both of them, including in storage size and encoding.

This number is simply useful for passing to other methods, like `OsString::with_capacity` to avoid reallocations.

See the main `OsString` documentation information about encoding and capacity units.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsStr;

    let os_str = OsStr::new("");
    assert_eq!(os_str.len(), 0);

    let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
    assert_eq!(os_str.len(), 3);

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1.74.0 · source

#### pub fn as_encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ

Converts an OS string slice to a byte slice. To convert the byte slice back into an OS string slice, use the `OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked` function.

The byte encoding is an unspecified, platform-specific, self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8. By being a self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8, this encoding is also a superset of 7-bit ASCII.

Note: As the encoding is unspecified, any sub-slice of bytes that is not valid UTF-8 should be treated as opaque and only comparable within the same rust version built for the same target platform. For example, sending the slice over the network or storing it in a file will likely result in incompatible byte slices. See `OsString` for more encoding details and `std::ffi` for platform-specific, specified conversions.

1.53.0 · source

#### pub fn make_ascii_lowercase(&mut self)

Converts this string to its ASCII lower case equivalent in-place.

ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To return a new lowercased value without modifying the existing one, use `OsStr::to_ascii_lowercase`.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut s = OsString::from("GRÜßE, JÜRGEN ❤");

    s.make_ascii_lowercase();

    assert_eq!("grÜße, jÜrgen ❤", s);

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1.53.0 · source

#### pub fn make_ascii_uppercase(&mut self)

Converts this string to its ASCII upper case equivalent in-place.

ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To return a new uppercased value without modifying the existing one, use `OsStr::to_ascii_uppercase`.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let mut s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");

    s.make_ascii_uppercase();

    assert_eq!("GRüßE, JüRGEN ❤", s);

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1.53.0 · source

#### pub fn to_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> OsString

Returns a copy of this string where each character is mapped to its ASCII lower case equivalent.

ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To lowercase the value in-place, use `OsStr::make_ascii_lowercase`.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;
    let s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");

    assert_eq!("grüße, jürgen ❤", s.to_ascii_lowercase());

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1.53.0 · source

#### pub fn to_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> OsString

Returns a copy of this string where each character is mapped to its ASCII upper case equivalent.

ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To uppercase the value in-place, use `OsStr::make_ascii_uppercase`.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;
    let s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");

    assert_eq!("GRüßE, JüRGEN ❤", s.to_ascii_uppercase());

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1.53.0 · source

#### pub fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool

Checks if all characters in this string are within the ASCII range.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    let ascii = OsString::from("hello!\n");
    let non_ascii = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");

    assert!(ascii.is_ascii());
    assert!(!non_ascii.is_ascii());

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1.53.0 · source

#### pub fn eq_ignore_ascii_case<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&self, other: S) -> bool

Checks that two strings are an ASCII case-insensitive match.

Same as `to_ascii_lowercase(a) == to_ascii_lowercase(b)`, but without allocating and copying temporaries.

##### Examples

    use std::ffi::OsString;

    assert!(OsString::from("Ferris").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRIS"));
    assert!(OsString::from("Ferrös").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRöS"));
    assert!(!OsString::from("Ferrös").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRÖS"));

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## Trait Implementations§

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### impl AsRef<OsStr> for OsString

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#### fn as_ref(&self) -> &OsStr

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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### impl AsRef<Path> for OsString

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#### fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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### impl Borrow<OsStr> for OsString

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#### fn borrow(&self) -> &OsStr

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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### impl Clone for OsString

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#### fn clone(&self) -> Self

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
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#### fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from `source`. Read more
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### impl Debug for OsString

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#### fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
1.9.0 · source§

### impl Default for OsString

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#### fn default() -> OsString

Constructs an empty `OsString`.

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### impl Deref for OsString

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#### type Target = OsStr

The resulting type after dereferencing.
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#### fn deref(&self) -> &OsStr

Dereferences the value.
1.44.0 · source§

### impl DerefMut for OsString

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#### fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut OsStr

Mutably dereferences the value.
1.52.0 · source§

### impl<'a> Extend<&'a OsStr> for OsString

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#### fn extend<T: IntoIterator<Item = &'a OsStr>>(&mut self, iter: T)

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. Read more
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#### fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`extend_one` #72631)
Extends a collection with exactly one element.
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#### fn extend_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`extend_one` #72631)
Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. Read more
1.52.0 · source§

### impl<'a> Extend<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsString

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#### fn extend<T: IntoIterator<Item = Cow<'a, OsStr>>>(&mut self, iter: T)

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. Read more
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#### fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`extend_one` #72631)
Extends a collection with exactly one element.
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#### fn extend_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`extend_one` #72631)
Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. Read more
1.52.0 · source§

### impl Extend<OsString> for OsString

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#### fn extend<T: IntoIterator<Item = OsString>>(&mut self, iter: T)

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. Read more
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#### fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`extend_one` #72631)
Extends a collection with exactly one element.
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#### fn extend_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (`extend_one` #72631)
Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. Read more
1.28.0 · source§

### impl<'a> From<&'a OsString> for Cow<'a, OsStr>

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#### fn from(s: &'a OsString) -> Cow<'a, OsStr>

Converts the string reference into a `Cow::Borrowed`.

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### impl<T: ?Sized + AsRef<OsStr>> From<&T> for OsString

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#### fn from(s: &T) -> OsString

Copies any value implementing `AsRef<OsStr>` into a newly allocated `OsString`.

1.18.0 · source§

### impl From<Box<OsStr>> for OsString

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#### fn from(boxed: Box<OsStr>) -> OsString

Converts a `Box<OsStr>` into an `OsString` without copying or allocating.

1.28.0 · source§

### impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsString

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#### fn from(s: Cow<'a, OsStr>) -> Self

Converts a `Cow<'a, OsStr>` into an `OsString`, by copying the contents if they are borrowed.

1.24.0 · source§

### impl From<OsString> for Arc<OsStr>

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#### fn from(s: OsString) -> Arc<OsStr>

Converts an `OsString` into an `Arc<OsStr>` by moving the `OsString` data into a new `Arc` buffer.

1.20.0 · source§

### impl From<OsString> for Box<OsStr>

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#### fn from(s: OsString) -> Box<OsStr>

Converts an `OsString` into a `Box<OsStr>` without copying or allocating.

1.28.0 · source§

### impl<'a> From<OsString> for Cow<'a, OsStr>

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#### fn from(s: OsString) -> Cow<'a, OsStr>

Moves the string into a `Cow::Owned`.

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### impl From<OsString> for PathBuf

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#### fn from(s: OsString) -> PathBuf

Converts an `OsString` into a `PathBuf`

This conversion does not allocate or copy memory.

1.24.0 · source§

### impl From<OsString> for Rc<OsStr>

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#### fn from(s: OsString) -> Rc<OsStr>

Converts an `OsString` into an `Rc<OsStr>` by moving the `OsString` data into a new `Rc` buffer.

1.14.0 · source§

### impl From<PathBuf> for OsString

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#### fn from(path_buf: PathBuf) -> OsString

Converts a `PathBuf` into an `OsString`

This conversion does not allocate or copy memory.

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### impl From<String> for OsString

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#### fn from(s: String) -> OsString

Converts a `String` into an `OsString`.

This conversion does not allocate or copy memory.

1.52.0 · source§

### impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a OsStr> for OsString

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#### fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a OsStr>>(iter: I) -> Self

Creates a value from an iterator. Read more
1.52.0 · source§

### impl<'a> FromIterator<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsString

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#### fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = Cow<'a, OsStr>>>(iter: I) -> Self

Creates a value from an iterator. Read more
1.52.0 · source§

### impl FromIterator<OsString> for OsString

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#### fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = OsString>>(iter: I) -> Self

Creates a value from an iterator. Read more
1.45.0 · source§

### impl FromStr for OsString

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#### type Err = Infallible

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.
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#### fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err>

Parses a string `s` to return a value of this type. Read more
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### impl Hash for OsString

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#### fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H)

Feeds this value into the given `Hasher`. Read more
1.3.0 · source§

#### fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given `Hasher`. Read more
source§

### impl Index<RangeFull> for OsString

§

#### type Output = OsStr

The returned type after indexing.
source§

#### fn index(&self, _index: RangeFull) -> &OsStr

Performs the indexing (`container[index]`) operation. Read more
1.44.0 · source§

### impl IndexMut<RangeFull> for OsString

source§

#### fn index_mut(&mut self, _index: RangeFull) -> &mut OsStr

Performs the mutable indexing (`container[index]`) operation. Read more
source§

### impl Ord for OsString

source§

#### fn cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Ordering

This method returns an `Ordering` between `self` and `other`. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

#### fn max(self, other: Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

#### fn min(self, other: Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values. Read more
1.50.0 · source§

#### fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Sized + PartialOrd,

Restrict a value to a certain interval. Read more
source§

### impl OsStringExt for OsString

Available on Windows only.
source§

#### fn from_wide(wide: &[u16]) -> OsString

Creates an `OsString` from a potentially ill-formed UTF-16 slice of 16-bit code units. Read more
source§

### impl OsStringExt for OsString

Available on WASI only.
source§

#### fn from_vec(vec: Vec<u8>) -> OsString

Creates an `OsString` from a byte vector. Read more
source§

#### fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u8> ⓘ

Yields the underlying byte vector of this `OsString`. Read more
source§

### impl OsStringExt for OsString

Available on Unix only.
source§

#### fn from_vec(vec: Vec<u8>) -> OsString

Creates an `OsString` from a byte vector. Read more
source§

#### fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u8> ⓘ

Yields the underlying byte vector of this `OsString`. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<&'a OsStr> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &&'a OsStr) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a Path> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &&'a Path) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.29.0 · source§

### impl PartialEq<&str> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &&str) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &Cow<'a, OsStr>) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialEq<Cow<'a, Path>> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &Cow<'a, Path>) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsStr> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsStr) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsString> for &'a OsStr

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialEq<OsString> for &'a Path

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.29.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialEq<OsString> for &'a str

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsString> for Cow<'a, OsStr>

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialEq<OsString> for Cow<'a, Path>

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsString> for OsStr

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl PartialEq<OsString> for Path

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl PartialEq<OsString> for PathBuf

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
source§

### impl PartialEq<OsString> for str

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl PartialEq<Path> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &Path) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl PartialEq<PathBuf> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &PathBuf) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
source§

### impl PartialEq<str> for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
source§

### impl PartialEq for OsString

source§

#### fn eq(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests for `self` and `other` values to be equal, and is used by `==`.
source§

#### fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for `!=`. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<&'a OsStr> for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a OsStr) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialOrd<&'a Path> for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a Path) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Cow<'a, OsStr>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, Path>> for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Cow<'a, Path>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsStr> for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsStr) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsString> for &'a OsStr

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialOrd<OsString> for &'a Path

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsString> for Cow<'a, OsStr>

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a> PartialOrd<OsString> for Cow<'a, Path>

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsString> for OsStr

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl PartialOrd<OsString> for Path

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl PartialOrd<OsString> for PathBuf

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl PartialOrd<Path> for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Path) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.8.0 · source§

### impl PartialOrd<PathBuf> for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &PathBuf) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
source§

### impl PartialOrd<str> for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &str) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
source§

### impl PartialOrd for OsString

source§

#### fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &OsString) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between `self` and `other` values if one exists. Read more
source§

#### fn lt(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests less than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn le(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `<=` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn gt(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>` operator. Read more
source§

#### fn ge(&self, other: &OsString) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for `self` and `other`) and is used by the `>=` operator. Read more
1.64.0 · source§

### impl Write for OsString

source§

#### fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> Result

Writes a string slice into this writer, returning whether the write succeeded. Read more
1.1.0 · source§

#### fn write_char(&mut self, c: char) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a `char` into this writer, returning whether the write succeeded. Read more
source§

#### fn write_fmt(&mut self, args: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Glue for usage of the `write!` macro with implementors of this trait. Read more
source§

### impl Eq for OsString

## Auto Trait Implementations§

§

### impl RefUnwindSafe for OsString

§

### impl Send for OsString

§

### impl Sync for OsString

§

### impl Unpin for OsString

§

### impl UnwindSafe for OsString

## Blanket Implementations§

source§

### impl<T> Any for Twhere T: 'static + ?Sized,

source§

#### fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the `TypeId` of `self`. Read more
source§

### impl<T> Borrow<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

source§

#### fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§

### impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

source§

#### fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§

### impl<T> From<T> for T

source§

#### fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

source§

### impl<T, U> Into<U> for Twhere U: From<T>,

source§

#### fn into(self) -> U

Calls `U::from(self)`.

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of `From<T> for U` chooses to do.

source§

### impl<T> ToOwned for Twhere T: Clone,

§

#### type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
source§

#### fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
source§

#### fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
source§

### impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for Twhere U: Into<T>,

§

#### type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§

#### fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
source§

### impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for Twhere U: TryFrom<T>,

§

#### type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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#### fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.