formatting.py

# default arguments
print("Hello {}, your balance is {}.".format("Adam", 230.2346))

# positional arguments
print("Hello {0}, your balance is {1}.".format("Adam", 230.2346))

# keyword arguments
print("Hello {name}, your balance is {blc}.".format(name="Adam", blc=230.2346))

# mixed arguments
print("Hello {0}, your balance is {blc}.".format("Adam", blc=230.2346))

# integer arguments
print("The number is:{:d}".format(123))

# float arguments
print("The float number is:{:f}".format(123.4567898))

# octal, binary and hexadecimal format
print("bin: {0:b}, oct: {0:o}, hex: {0:x}".format(12))

# integer numbers with minimum width
print("{:5d}".format(12))

# width doesn't work for numbers longer than padding
print("{:2d}".format(1234))

# padding for float numbers
print("{:8.3f}".format(12.2346))

# integer numbers with minimum width filled with zeros
print("{:05d}".format(12))

# padding for float numbers filled with zeros
print("{:08.3f}".format(12.2346))

# show the + sign
print("{:+f} {:+f}".format(12.23, -12.23))

# show the - sign only
print("{:-f} {:-f}".format(12.23, -12.23))

# show space for + sign
print("{: f} {: f}".format(12.23, -12.23))


# string padding with left alignment
print("{:5}".format("cat"))

# string padding with right alignment
print("{:>5}".format("cat"))

# string padding with center alignment
print("{:^5}".format("cat"))

# string padding with center alignment
# and '*' padding character
print("{:*^5}".format("cat"))