Draft: Adds strong typing, more typing, php 8.2 features

[specialtactics]

This is an early draft at this stage.

The aim is to address some recent challenges with the typing of some config ints in a backwards-compatible way, while also adding typing in various places where reasonable.

Discussion Points

• Since this will involve change of the public API of the package (contracts and things), I think a major version may be a in order? It's entirely possible that someone using this package will have a broken install after this update.
• Do we want to continue to support Lumen? Laravel themselves have moved away from it, and it hasn't had a major version since v10 (ie. side by side with Laravel 10). This may be a good opportunity to drop support for it, if we do bump major version.

Changes Beyond types

• Custom Claims
  Renamed the function "customClaims" to "getCustomClaims" to be in line with "setCustomClaims". I kept the current one, just marked as deprecated.

[mfn]

This is an early draft at this stage.

You can also use githubs feature and actually turn it into a draft PR, gives better immediate visibility:

[Messhias]

This is an early draft at this stage.

You can also use githubs feature and actually turn it into a draft PR, gives better immediate visibility:

I converted to draft for us.