Electrical Characteristics

Root Controller ISO Electrical characteristics

This section is split up into the isolation zones of the controller

Primary PSU

PSU

This is denoted a V and 0V_V for supply and return respectively on the case sticker. Power is applied through its own dedicated fused port.

Parameter	Min	Typ	Max	Unit
Vin (V wrt 0V_V)	9	24	36	V
Current (Fuse Protected) (*1)		0.86	(*2)	A
Input Isolation voltage [V vs 0V]	1.5			KV

• (*1) – This is current draw of the Root CNC controller including worst case power export via output pins. This does not induce the exported power on V pins (Such as powering inductive probes)
• (*2) - Installed fuse is TBD
• (*3) – 0V is the isolated floating voltage on the Root CNC controller – Do Not connect this to chassis

Input

The inputs to the Root controller are referenced to the 0V_V of the Primary PSU. All input are isolated to the rest of the system.

The Input are arranged to accept either an Open-Collector/ Open-Drain switch or a standard mechanical switch. Depending on the Primary PSU voltage this switching current will vary.

Parameter	Condition	Min	Typ	Max	Unit
Switching Current	(*1)	2.7		10	mA
	V = 12V		2.7		mA
	V = 24V		5.8		mA
	V = 36V		8.9		mA

• (1) Over full operating conditions

RS485

This section is denoted by V_RS and 0V_RS respectively for the Power in and 0V for the isolated RS485 port.

Parameter	Min	Typ	Max	Unit
Vin (V_RSwrt 0V_RS)	8.1	12	36	V
Current Draw		1.6	2	mA
Basic DC Isolation [V_RS vs 0V]			1.517	KV
Reinforced DC Insulation [V_RS vs 0V] (*1)			0.757	KV
Basic bipolar AC Isolation [V_RS vs 0V] (*1)			565	V
Reinforced bipolar AC Insulation [V_RS vs 0V] (*1)			565	V
Differential Input Threshold Voltage, Vth	-200	-125	-30	mV
Input Hysteresis		20		mV
Input Resistance (A, B) (*2)	96	150		kΩ
Output High Voltage	4.6	4.9		V
Output Low Voltage		0.1	0.4	V
Output Short-Circuit Current	7		85	mA
ESD Rating (A,B)		HMB (+/-2KV)

• (1) Maximum Continuous Working Voltage
• (2) RS485 does not contain a bus termination resistor - place provisioned. The Isolating RS485 has internal thresholds to detect logic levels.

Digital Output

Isolation is achieved by used Opto-Isolated Stepper motor drivers

Parameter	Min	Typ	Max	Unit
Vout (Root controller derived supply)	4.95	5	5.05	V
Output current			150	mA
IOH High-level output current (*1)			25	mA
IOL Low-level output current (*1)			25	mA
VOH High-level output voltage (*2)	3.8			V
VOL Low-level output voltage (*3)			0.55	V

• (*1) This parameter max the Root CNC controller extremely well suited to drive opto-isolated stepper motor drivers (special sauce)
• (*2) – Over full operating specification and at max current draw (-32mA)
• (*3) – Over full operating specification and at max current draw (32mA)

MOSFET Isolation

The Root Controller provides three MOSFET controller switches. These switches have their own dedicated input power supply and be driven from a separate PSU or the same PSU as V to allow for greater flexibility.

Parameter	Min	Typ	Max	Unit
Vin (V_F wrt 0V_F)	12	15	36	V
Current (Fuse Protected) (*1)	0.001		(*2)	A

• (1) Current is dependant of the peripherals you connect to the controller
• (2) Controller has an internal fuse - Rating is TBD

Relay

The Root controller has three NO relays (the Normally closed Pole is not accessible). These are design to allow the user to switch large main powered loads, such as Dust extraction, compressors and even lighting.

Parameter	Min	Typ	Max	Unit
Switch Voltage DC			300	V
Switch Voltage AC			440	V
Contact Resistance			100	mOhm
Switch Current (Resistive Load)			12	A
Max Switch Power			3000	VA
Endurance (Switch Cycles)			1x10^7

USB

The USB port on the Root controller is a Type-C 2.0 UFP. This port is also isolated with the 0V

Parameter	Min	Typ	Max	Unit
Voltage (V_USB to 0V_USB)	4.5	5	5.5	V
Current	5	8	10	mA
Data Rate			12	Mbps
DC Basic Isolation			849	V
AC Bipolar Basic Isolation			849	V
AC Unipolar Basic Isolation			560	V