[GH-2522] Implemented STAC authentication for both python and scala APIs

[zhangfengcdt]

Did you read the Contributor Guide?

• Yes, I have read the Contributor Rules and Contributor Development Guide

Is this PR related to a ticket?

• Yes, and the PR name follows the format [GH-XXX] my subject. Closes #<issue_number>

What changes were proposed in this PR?

• Added authentication methods (with_basic_auth, with_bearer_token) to Python Client class with method chaining support
• Implemented header parsing and propagation through the Scala backend via JSON-encoded options
• Added comprehensive test coverage for authentication scenarios including unit and integration tests

How was this patch tested?

• Python: 15 new unit tests covering basic auth, bearer tokens, header propagation, and edge cases
• Scala: 7 new tests for header parsing and JSON handling
• Integration: Framework for testing with real STAC services (Planet, Sentinel Hub)

Did this PR include necessary documentation updates?

• Yes, I have updated the documentation

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR implements STAC authentication support for both Python and Scala APIs, enabling access to authenticated STAC services. The implementation adds HTTP Basic Authentication and Bearer Token authentication methods while maintaining backward compatibility with public services.

Key changes:

• Added authentication methods (with_basic_auth, with_bearer_token) to Python Client class with method chaining support
• Implemented header parsing and propagation through the Scala backend via JSON-encoded options
• Added comprehensive test coverage for authentication scenarios including unit and integration tests

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 10 out of 10 changed files in this pull request and generated 6 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
python/sedona/spark/stac/client.py	Added authentication methods and headers parameter to Client class
python/sedona/spark/stac/collection_client.py	Added headers parameter and JSON encoding for Spark integration
python/tests/stac/test_auth.py	Unit tests for authentication methods and header propagation
python/tests/stac/test_auth_integration.py	Integration tests with real STAC services using environment variables
spark/common/src/main/scala/.../StacUtils.scala	Added parseHeaders method and header support in loadStacCollectionToJson
spark/common/src/main/scala/.../StacPartitionReader.scala	Added header propagation to URL connections
spark/common/src/main/scala/.../StacBatch.scala	Updated to pass headers through batch processing
spark/common/src/test/scala/.../StacUtilsTest.scala	Unit tests for header parsing functionality
spark/common/src/test/scala/.../StacDataSourceTest.scala	Integration tests for authentication with remote services
docs/tutorial/files/stac-sedona-spark.md	Documentation for authentication usage and examples

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