In docker-entrypoint.sh there is line that place the config file before the MagicMirror starts
if [ ! "$(ls -A /opt/magic_mirror/config)" ]; then
cp /opt/magic_mirror/mm-docker-config.js /opt/magic_mirror/config/config.js
fi
But when the docker image is built config.js didn't appear. Therefore I guess the docker-entrypoint.sh didn't work as intended.