feat: add support for 'random-trace-id' flags in W3C traceparent header trace flags

[herin049]

Description

Adds support for populating the random-trace-id flags in the W3C traceparent header based on the W3C trace context specification: https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context-2/#random-trace-id-flag

Implements #4826

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

Unit test cases have been updated, and additional tests have been added.

Does This PR Require a Contrib Repo Change?

• Yes. - Link to PR: feat: update xray trace id generator for 'random-trace-id' flags changes opentelemetry-python-contrib#4030
• No.

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Changelogs have been updated
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[xrmx]

LGTM

[aabmass]

From SIG meeting March 12th:

• W3C spec needs prototypes so this is helpful
• Lets bring this to OTel Tues Specification SIG
• We could merge this as opt-in or as a subclass if we don't want to wait on this PR.
• We could update the ID generators to still return False so nothing would change for now.
  • The W3C spec has something about downgrading which might make this weird

[herin049]

bump

[aabmass]

@herin049 looks like the test changes are real

[herin049]

• feat: update xray trace id generator for 'random-trace-id' flags changes opentelemetry-python-contrib#4030

@aabmass Are you referring to the failing tests in CI? If so, we need to merge this first: open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python-contrib#4030