break: drop Python 3.7, manylinux2010 & musllinux_1_1

[mayeut]

backport work done in #301 now that cibuildwheel has been updated in master

@henryiii said

@mayeut, @jcfr, what should we do here:
Move to using manylinux_2_28 (cibuildwheel default)
Move to using manylinux_2014
Keep manylinux_2010 (fully specify)
And
Move to using musllinux_1_2 (cibuildwheel default)
Keep musllinux_1_1 (fully specify)
And
Move to requiring Python 3.8+ (might be best if increasing manylinux?)
Keep 3.7+ (we don't actually depend on Python at all, but 3.7 users might need older platforms)
?
(I think I like 2014 + 1_2 + 3.8+, though a step more modern is 2_28 + 1_2 + 3.8+ and a step less modern is 2014 + 1_2 + 3.7+ )
And should we do this for 1.13 or after?

@mayeut replied

I think I like 2014 + 1_2 + 3.8+ too. It's probably a bit too soon to move to 2_28. While python_requires ensures that the previous version will be installed on 3.7, this is not the case for the manylinux/musllinux targets. The move of the default in cibuildwheel will likely help see a change in the target builds (and numpy moving to 2_28 might move things towards seeing less & less manylinux2014 wheels being built) but my feeling is that it's too soon.
IMHO, this can be done in the next minor version (depending on #305)

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR drops support for Python 3.7 and updates Linux build targets from older manylinux2010 and musllinux_1_1 to newer manylinux2014 and musllinux_1_2, aligning with modern Python packaging standards.

• Bump minimum Python version from 3.7 to 3.8
• Update manylinux build images from manylinux2010 to manylinux2014 for x86_64 and i686 architectures
• Update musllinux build images from musllinux_1_1 to musllinux_1_2 for multiple architectures

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
pyproject.toml	Updates Python requirement and build images, removes manylinux2010-specific build overrides
README.rst	Documents the version support changes for users
.github/workflows/build.yml	Updates CI test matrix to use Python 3.8-3.13 instead of 3.7-3.12

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