zephyrCommon: fix issues with invalid pin numbers

[soburi]

Passing -1 to digital I/O functions may happen when libraries do not
properly sanitize their inputs, leading to undefined behavior. This
commit adds a check to ensure that the pin number is valid before
accessing the arduino_pins array.

Note:
The code related to CONFIG_PINCTRL_DYNAMIC will also be included,
as CONFIG is disabled in this repository. so not affected.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR hardens the Zephyr-based Arduino core against invalid digital pin numbers (e.g., -1) and extends peripheral lifecycle handling to better support dynamic pinctrl/device deinit scenarios, alongside several analog/timing API additions.

Changes:

• Add early-return guards to prevent out-of-bounds access of the arduino_pins array across multiple GPIO/interrupt/timing APIs.
• Introduce optional peripheral re-init / de-init hooks (CONFIG-gated) for I2C/SPI/UART and add a pin-to-peripheral reinit helper.
• Add/extend analog + timing APIs (DAC support, read/write resolution APIs, cycle/time conversion macros, and inline delay helpers).

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 11 out of 11 changed files in this pull request and generated 9 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
libraries/Wire/Wire.cpp	Adds CONFIG-gated device init/deinit calls in begin()/end()
libraries/SPI/SPI.cpp	Adds CONFIG-gated device init/deinit calls in begin()/end()
cores/arduino/zephyrSerial.h	Adds CONFIG-gated UART deinit in end()
cores/arduino/zephyrSerial.cpp	Adds CONFIG-gated UART init in begin()
cores/arduino/zephyrInternal.h	Exposes CONFIG-gated peripheral reinit helper prototype
cores/arduino/zephyrCommon.cpp	Adds invalid-pin guards, tone concurrency changes, analog resolution/DAC support, and peripheral reinit logic
cores/arduino/time_macros.h	New timing/cycle conversion macros
cores/arduino/overloads.h	New overload/resolution getter declarations
cores/arduino/inlines.h	New inline implementations for delay APIs
cores/arduino/Arduino.h	Adds DAC declarations, resolution APIs, extra includes, and namespace exposure
Kconfig	Removes Rust core option; tweaks ARDUINO_MAX_TONES help text

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 11 out of 11 changed files in this pull request and generated 6 comments.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.